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Decoding ADHD and Dyslexia: Effective SEL Strategies for Parents

Reviewed by Rajini D, M.Sc. SLP (AIISH)··5 min read
TL;DR — ADHD and dyslexia often co-occur, affecting many children. Understanding their overlap helps in crafting effective support strategies. Incorporating SEL principles can aid in managing challenges, fostering self-esteem, and enhancing learning. Learn how to identify specific needs, create IEP/504 plans, and utilize school accommodations.
Child with ADHD and dyslexia receiving support in an inclusive classroom.
📘 Part of our complete guide to Building Self-Esteem in Kids with ADHD: A Parent's Guide

Why ADHD + Dyslexia Co-occur

The co-occurrence of ADHD and dyslexia is surprisingly common, affecting approximately 30-50% of children with ADHD 1. These conditions often overlap due to shared neurodevelopmental pathways. ADHD, characterized by inattention and impulsivity, and dyslexia, a specific learning difficulty with reading, both impact a child's ability to process information. Understanding this overlap is crucial for effective support.

Research shows that these conditions may stem from similar cognitive deficits, particularly in executive functioning, which involves planning, organization, and impulse control. As Dr. Barkley notes, executive functions are vital for managing both ADHD and dyslexia 2. The overlap can create unique challenges but also opportunities for developing tailored strategies that address both conditions simultaneously.

In my practice, I've observed that when parents understand the shared pathways of ADHD and dyslexia, they can better advocate for their child's needs. By focusing on strengths and employing a holistic approach, families can create a supportive environment that promotes both academic success and emotional well-being.

How to Spot SLD When ADHD is the Louder Diagnosis

When ADHD symptoms like hyperactivity overshadow other issues, it can be challenging to identify a specific learning disability (SLD) such as dyslexia. Parents might notice struggles with reading, spelling, or writing that persist despite efforts to improve.

To identify SLD
  • Observe if your child has difficulty decoding words or understanding phonics.
  • Notice if they avoid reading tasks or express frustration during reading time.
  • Seek feedback from teachers who may notice difficulties in class assignments.

In my practice, I've seen many parents overlook dyslexia because ADHD behaviors are more disruptive and noticeable. However, recognizing both conditions allows for a more tailored support plan. This dual recognition ensures that interventions are comprehensive and address the full spectrum of the child's needs.

Child with ADHD and dyslexia receiving reading support in class.

The Double-Shame Problem

Children with ADHD and dyslexia often experience double-shame—feeling inadequate both academically and behaviorally. This emotional burden can impact their self-esteem and social interactions.

Imagine a child struggling to read aloud in class. Coupled with impulsive behavior, they may attract negative attention, leading to feelings of embarrassment and frustration. This cycle of shame can affect their willingness to participate and try new things.

To combat double-shame
  • Encourage a growth mindset by focusing on effort over results.
  • Use positive reinforcement to celebrate small successes.
  • Implement social stories to help children understand their emotions and responses to situations. [Discovering Our Feelings: A Printable Social Story](/products/discovering-our-feelings) can be a helpful resource.

By fostering an environment where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities, children begin to see challenges as surmountable. This shift in perspective can significantly enhance their willingness to engage and learn.

IEP/504 Considerations for Compound Profiles

For children with both ADHD and dyslexia, an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or a 504 Plan can be tailored to address unique needs. These plans should include strategies that accommodate both learning and behavioral challenges.

Key IEP/504 Considerations:

  • Multisensory instruction: Integrating visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning helps in reading and writing.
  • Executive function support: Tools like visual schedules and checklists can aid organization.
  • Behavioral interventions: Strategies such as positive behavior support plans can manage ADHD symptoms.

For instance, a child might benefit from a "reading buddy" system where they pair with a peer for reading exercises, fostering both academic and social skills. These strategies ensure that support is comprehensive and adaptive to the child's evolving needs.

Multisensory learning session for ADHD and dyslexia.

School Accommodations That Help Both

Schools can implement specific accommodations to support children with ADHD and dyslexia. These adjustments aim to create an inclusive environment that fosters learning and emotional well-being.

Effective Accommodations:

  • Extended time on tests to reduce pressure and allow for comprehensive responses.
  • Preferential seating to minimize distractions and enhance focus.
  • Use of technology such as text-to-speech software to aid in reading comprehension.

A practical example is using a Bedtime Routine Visual Schedule to help children wind down and prepare for the next day Bedtime Routine Visual Schedule: Calm Down, Connect, Sleep. This visualization can alleviate anxiety and provide a sense of control over their daily routines, enhancing their ability to manage both academic and behavioral expectations.

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When to Seek a Neuropsych Evaluation

If your child continues to struggle despite support, consider seeking a neuropsychological evaluation. This comprehensive assessment can pinpoint specific learning and attention challenges, guiding more effective interventions.

  • Look for signs: If academic struggles persist or new issues arise, it may be time for evaluation.
  • Consult professionals: Speak with teachers, school psychologists, or pediatricians for their insights.

In my practice, a thorough evaluation often reveals additional insights that can significantly influence a child's educational plan. These insights can help customize interventions that are more precisely aligned with the child's individual learning profile.

Building Self-Esteem with Two Diagnoses

Building self-esteem in children with ADHD and dyslexia requires intentional effort. Fostering a supportive environment that values their strengths and acknowledges their challenges is key.

Strategies for Building Self-Esteem:

  • Highlight strengths: Encourage activities where the child excels, whether in sports, art, or problem-solving.
  • Set achievable goals: Break tasks into manageable steps to ensure success.
  • Promote self-advocacy: Teach children to express their needs and preferences.

For example, using social stories like Feeling Happy: A Little Story - Printable Social Story can help children express and share positive emotions. Encouraging children to articulate their feelings fosters a sense of agency and self-worth.

Child using a visual schedule for bedtime routine.

References

1 Germanò, E. et al. (2010). Comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35, 475. doi:10.1080/87565641.2010.494748

2 Barkley, R. (2012). Executive Functions: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Evolved. Guilford Press.

Try It This Month

Reading is the easy part. Skills build through small, repeated practice — here's a low-pressure plan you can try with your child.

  1. 1
    Identify shared strengthsDay 1
    Recognize and nurture areas where your child excels. Highlighting strengths can boost confidence.
    👉 What this looks like
    Start by observing your child during playtime. Notice if they show particular interest or skill in a specific activity, such as building with blocks or telling imaginative stories. Praise them by saying, 'I love how creative you are when you build things!' Reinforce these strengths in everyday conversations to build their confidence and self-esteem.
  2. 2
    Create a personalized visual scheduleWeekend Project
    Develop a visual schedule that incorporates both academic and leisure activities. This aids organization and time management.
    👉 What this looks like
    Use colorful markers and a large poster board to create a daily schedule. Include pictures for each activity (e.g., book for reading, ball for playtime) to make it visually engaging. Display this schedule in a common area like the kitchen. Encourage your child to check off each activity as they complete it, which helps in building a sense of achievement and routine.
    Bedtime Routine Visual Schedule →
  3. 3
    Use social stories to manage emotionsDaily, 5 min
    Incorporate social stories to help your child understand and manage their emotions effectively.
    👉 What this looks like
    Before bedtime, read a social story like 'Discovering Our Feelings' with your child. Discuss the scenarios and ask them how they might feel in similar situations. Encourage them to express their feelings by saying, 'How do you think you would feel if that happened to you?' This practice encourages emotional awareness and communication.
    Discovering Our Feelings: A Printable Social Story →
  4. 4
    Practice self-advocacy skillsOnce a week practice
    Teach your child to express their needs and preferences in a respectful manner.
    👉 What this looks like
    Role-play different scenarios with your child. For example, pretend they need to ask a teacher for more time on a test. Guide them to say, 'Excuse me, can I have a few more minutes to finish my test?' Practicing these situations helps build confidence in expressing needs.
  5. 5
    Engage in multisensory learning activitiesTwice a week
    Incorporate activities that stimulate multiple senses, enhancing learning retention.
    👉 What this looks like
    Set up a hands-on science experiment at home. Use materials like baking soda and vinegar to create a volcano. Encourage your child to observe the reaction and describe it using all senses: 'What do you see? Hear? Smell?' This approach reinforces learning through experience and observation.
  6. 6
    Celebrate small successes regularlyDaily
    Acknowledge and celebrate your child's small achievements to boost morale and motivation.
    👉 What this looks like
    At the end of each day, ask your child to share one thing they did well. It might be as simple as 'I sat still during story time' or 'I helped set the table.' Celebrate these moments with a high-five or sticker on a chart. This helps your child recognize their progress and feel proud of their efforts.
  7. 7
    Develop a calming bedtime routineEvery night
    Establish a calming routine to help your child wind down and prepare for restful sleep.
    👉 What this looks like
    Each evening, follow a consistent routine: bath, pajamas, reading a story, and a short meditation or deep breathing exercise. You might say, 'Let's take three deep breaths together to calm our minds before we sleep.' This routine signals to your child's body that it's time to relax, promoting better sleep quality.
    Bedtime Routine Visual Schedule →

Frequently Asked Questions

How common is the co-occurrence of ADHD and dyslexia?
ADHD and dyslexia co-occur in 30-50% of children with ADHD. This overlap is often due to shared neurodevelopmental pathways.
What strategies can help children with both ADHD and dyslexia?
Use multisensory instruction, executive function support, and behavioral interventions to address both learning and behavioral challenges.
Why might a child experience double-shame with ADHD and dyslexia?
Double-shame occurs when a child feels inadequate both academically and behaviorally, impacting their self-esteem and social interactions.
What are key considerations for IEP/504 plans for these students?
Include multisensory instruction, executive function support, and behavioral interventions tailored to address both conditions.
When should I consider a neuropsychological evaluation?
Seek evaluation if academic struggles persist despite support, or if new issues arise, to guide more effective interventions.
How can social stories benefit children with ADHD and dyslexia?
Social stories help children understand their emotions and responses to situations, providing a framework for expressing themselves.

References

  1. Germanò, E. et al. (2010). Comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35, 475.
  2. Barkley, R. (2012). Executive Functions: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Evolved. Guilford Press.
Rajini Darugupally, Speech-Language Pathologist
Rajini Darugupally
Speech-Language Pathologist · M.Sc. SLP (AIISH) · 10+ years of clinical experience
More about Rajini & the team →

Educational, not medical advice. This article is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical or therapeutic advice. If you have clinical concerns about your child, please talk to your pediatrician, speech-language pathologist, or other qualified professional.

Decoding ADHD and Dyslexia: Effective SEL Strategies for Parents | SocialBlossom